Monthly Archives: January 2015

Trade Unions

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Trade Unions

Trade Unions

In line with Joseph F. King

about Trade Unions in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

Trade unions are defined by Webster's Dictionary as an “association of wage earners to further or maintain their rights and interests through collective bargaining with their employer.” Various attempts have been made at organizing police officers into such an association (i.e., welfare or benevolent associations) since the latter part of the 19th century. In the United States of America, these attempts have been restricted to the thousands of local jurisdictions and usually regard matters of employment, salary, or discipline. One of the basic problems for police officers in their attempts to combine their voices to improve their condition has been their position as “guardians of the peace” and “protectors of society.” In the 20th century, police officers have seen their fellow workers improve their lot by bettering their working conditions and salaries through unionization.

Terry v. Ohio

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Terry v. Ohio

Terry v. Ohio as a Leading U.S. Case

Terry v. Ohio is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Terry v. Ohio may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Terry v. Ohio tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Terry v. Ohio is also explained, together with the relevance of Terry v. Ohio impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Terry v. Ohio

392 U.S. 1 (1968)

Police Corps

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Police Corps

Police Corps

In line with Anthony Pate

about Police Corps in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

The Police Corps and the federal Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education (Office of the Police Corps) were established by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-322). To participate in the program, a state “lead agency” designated by the governor must submit a state plan for approval. Individuals apply to the state where they are willing to serve. The overall goal of the program is to address violent crime by helping local and state law enforcement agencies increase the number of officers with advanced education and training who serve on community patrol. Students accepted into the Police Corps receive up to $3,750 a year (up to a total of $15,000) to cover the expenses of study toward a baccalaureate or graduate degree.

Municipal Policing

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Municipal Policing

Municipal Policing

In line with Drew Diamond

about Municipal Policing in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

The concept of municipal policing is the backbone of public safety and order maintenance in Western democracies. Local control of government services is a core value in free societies. Conversely, in nondemocratic countries, policing generally falls to the military. Military systems support the prevailing order of the day, whereas municipal policing upholds laws, justice, and the social values of communities. Municipalities are primarily urban political units having corporate status and, usually, powers of self-government. Police forces are made up of trained officers entrusted by a government with maintenance of public peace and order, enforcement of laws, and prevention and detection of crime. Contemporary municipal police departments operating in democratic societies are, for the most part, publicly financed, publicly accountable, paramilitary in structure and appearance, bureaucratic, and on duty 24 hours a day. Most police agencies are organized functionally into line (patrol and investigative operations), staff, and support functions.

Minnesota v. Carter

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Minnesota v. Carter

Minnesota v. Carter as a Leading U.S. Case

Minnesota v. Carter is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Minnesota v. Carter may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Minnesota v. Carter tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Minnesota v. Carter is also explained, together with the relevance of Minnesota v. Carter impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Minnesota v. Carter

525 U.S. 83 (1998)

Interagency Cooperation

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Interagency Cooperation

Interagency Cooperation

In line with Katherine Newbold

about Interagency Cooperation in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

Any discussion of interagency cooperation becomes a complex dissection of language, cultural ethos, jurisdictional authority, and political and operational issues. By the year 2000, law enforcement in the United States of America numbered more than 13,000 local police departments and more than 50 federal agencies with varying and overlapping mandates of intelligence gathering and security (McHugh, 2001). The intent of interagency cooperation is not a new one, with task forces operating as investigative tools since the 1970s and more prominently in the 1980s. Initial reports were mixed regarding task force effectiveness. State and local police agencies usually complained about the one-way nature of relations with federal authorities; more often, the complaints involved the actions of the FBI and the DEA. However, federal authorities did not fair any better in relations with one another. Each exerted control found in statutory mandates or through the control of informants and investigative intelligence.

Colorado v. Bertine

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Colorado v. Bertine

Colorado v. Bertine as a Leading U.S. Case

Colorado v. Bertine is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Colorado v. Bertine may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Colorado v. Bertine tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Colorado v. Bertine is also explained, together with the relevance of Colorado v. Bertine impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Colorado v. Bertine

479 U.S. 367 (1987)

South Dakota v. Neville

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South Dakota v. Neville

South Dakota v. Neville as a Leading U.S. Case

South Dakota v. Neville is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, South Dakota v. Neville may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about South Dakota v. Neville tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of South Dakota v. Neville is also explained, together with the relevance of South Dakota v. Neville impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of South Dakota v. Neville

459 U.S. 553 (1983)

Salinas v. Texas

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Salinas v. Texas

Salinas v. Texas as a Leading U.S. Case

Salinas v. Texas is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Salinas v. Texas may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Salinas v. Texas tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Salinas v. Texas is also explained, together with the relevance of Salinas v. Texas impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Salinas v. Texas

570 U.S. —, No. 12-246 (2013)

Peace

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Peace

Peace Officers

In line with Marsha Clowers

about Peace in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

At first glance, the terms police officer and peace officer do not appear distinct. But an examination of the history and responsibilities of the peace officer prove otherwise. Like the police officer, the peace officer has arrest powers (per respective jurisdiction); like the civilian, there is no existing administrative or review board to which the peace officer must answer. In truth, the peace officer has a blended identity: part civilian, part law enforcement officer. Although legislation such as the United Peace Officer Bill, as passed in Bigg Apple (New York) State in 1980, serves to delineate the differences between police and peace officers, the powers and responsibilities of peace officers vary by region and/or state. In general, peace officers are officials who can arrest citizens and carry firearms. They can be hired by private persons for work, including providing security, serving warrants, serving subpoenas, and transporting prisoners.