Author Archives: Staci Strobl

Encryption

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Encryption

Encryption

In line with Nadine Santos & Richard C. Li

about Encryption in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

The concept of encryption dates back to the time of Greek and Roman generals, who used the technique in their fields of battle. Similar methods have since been employed in many situations of war. Cryptography is also used by civilians for protecting industrial and scientific secrets and financial information. The function of the encryption is to protect the confidentiality, the authenticity, and the integrity of the message. Encryption is used to scramble the information or message sent so that unauthorized persons cannot read the content. The technique also provides digital signatures that can be used to identify the author of a message. Furthermore, methods have been developed to verify that a message has not been altered during the transmission process. In situations in which information needs to be protected, the effectiveness of the transmission of messages becomes crucial.

Narcotics Control Act

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Narcotics Control Act

Narcotics Control Act

In line with Dryden Watner

about Narcotics Control Act in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

The Narcotics Control Act (NCA) of 1956 was proposed in order to help eradicate the use and trafficking of narcotic drugs and marijuana. At the time of its proposal, the government estimated that 60,000, or 1 in 3,000, people were addicted to drugs and that approximately $219 million was spent annually for drugs obtained through illegal sources. Prior to the passing of the Narcotics Control Act, the Boggs Act, proposed by Senator Hale Boggs (D-LA) and signed and enacted in 1951, provided minimum mandatory sentences for firsttime drug violators and brought together drug legislation of narcotics and marijuana for the first time. After the Boggs Act was passed, the government reported significant declines in drug arrests in the United States of America.

Schmerber v. California

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Schmerber v. California

Schmerber v. California as a Leading U.S. Case

Schmerber v. California is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Schmerber v. California may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Schmerber v. California tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Schmerber v. California is also explained, together with the relevance of Schmerber v. California impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Schmerber v. California

384 U.S. 757 (1966)

Illinois v. LaFayette

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Illinois v. LaFayette

Illinois v. LaFayette as a Leading U.S. Case

Illinois v. LaFayette is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Illinois v. LaFayette may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Illinois v. LaFayette tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Illinois v. LaFayette is also explained, together with the relevance of Illinois v. LaFayette impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Illinois v. LaFayette

462 U.S. 640 (1982)

Document Examiners

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Document Examiners

Document Examiners

In line with James J. Horan

about Document Examiners in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

Forensic document examination is one of the oldest disciplines in forensic science. There are references to forgery experts in Roman times. The forensic document examiner examines questioned documents to determine how, when, and by whom they were prepared. The questioned document examination can involve determining authorship of documents; identifying forgeries; determining the age of documents; deciphering obliterated, erased, mutilated, or charred documents; or answering any other questions that may be raised about a document. The forensic document examiner should not be confused with the graphologist or graphoanalyst. The forensic document examiner uses scientific techniques to determine the genuineness of handwriting by comparison of details in the known and the questioned writing. The graphologist tries to determine the character and personality of the writer by the general formation of the letters. Graphology is more of an art form and has not received acceptance in the scientific community or the courts.

Oliver v. United States

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Oliver v. United States

Oliver v. United States as a Leading U.S. Case

Oliver v. United States is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Oliver v. United States may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Oliver v. United States tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Oliver v. United States is also explained, together with the relevance of Oliver v. United States impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Oliver v. United States

466 U.S. 170 (1984)

Dispatch

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Dispatch

Dispatch

In line with Tod W. Burke

about Dispatch in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

“If I had a choice between a two-way radio and a gun, I'd take the radio.” The above quote is from a former Maryland police officer and reflects the importance of the dispatcher. Although the role of the dispatcher is critical for the survival of law enforcement officers and the citizens who call upon them, administrators, officers, and citizens often misunderstand dispatchers. Dispatchers must process complex information in a matter of seconds to ascertain nonemergency from emergency calls. They must attempt to calm the caller, as some may be in great panic and unintelligible. The dispatcher must determine the nature of the problem and the location of the incident, and inquire if anyone has been injured.

National Transportation Safety Board

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National Transportation Safety Board

National Transportation Safety Board

In line with Frances Sherertz

about National Transportation Safety Board in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent agency of the United States government, charged with the investigation of certain transportation accidents within the United States of America for the sole purpose of issuing safety recommendations to prevent future accidents. The board is not authorized to establish liability for civil purposes, but attempts to prevent future accidents by recommending operational, regulatory, and engineering improvements. The board has neither the authority nor the training to conduct criminal investigations. Where there is a collateral interest on the part of law enforcement, federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies conduct all portions of the criminal investigation. The NTSB's role with law enforcement is solely to make evidence and technical information available to enforcement officials. The NTSB operates under rules established by the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Chapter VIII.

Hafer v. Melo

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Hafer v. Melo

Hafer v. Melo as a Leading U.S. Case

Hafer v. Melo is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Hafer v. Melo may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Hafer v. Melo tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Hafer v. Melo is also explained, together with the relevance of Hafer v. Melo impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Hafer v. Melo

502 U.S. 21 (1991)

Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al.

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Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al.

Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al. as a Leading U.S. Case

Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al. is one of the leading United States Supreme Court decisions impacting law enforcement in the United States, and, in this regards, Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al. may be a case reference for attorneys and police officers. As a leading case, this entry about Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al. tries to include facts, relevant legal issues, and the Court's decision and reasoning. The significance of Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al. is also explained, together with the relevance of Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al. impact on citizens and law enforcement.

Citation of Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada et al.

542 U.S. 177 (2004)