Category Archives: L

Law Enforcement Training

Law Enforcement Training

Law Enforcement Training: A Comparative Perspective

In line with Maria (Maki) Haberfeld

about Law Enforcement Training in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

In many progressive countries, including the United States of America, training is an ongoing and constantly evolving venture; therefore, information about training curricula is constantly becoming obsolete. Nevertheless, the approaches some countries have taken to common training obstacles are worthy of consideration in comparative perspective. Three countries, the Netherlands, Finland, and Canada, have model approaches to professional police training. The Netherlands has adopted a useful model for addressing the need for specialization and general skills. Finland's dedication to comprehensive education has contributed to a highly professional and respected force. The Canadian approach, developed in an environment dedicated to community policing, is exemplary in the length of its programs, the variety of approaches offered, and its commitment to in-service training. In recent years the Dutch police service has undergone radical changes in its organization and training. Prior to joining the police service, all recruits follow one of three basic courses of training.

Law Enforcement Training in the United States

In line with Maria (Maki) Haberfeld

about Law Enforcement Training in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

Police training in the United States of America can be divided into four distinct categories: basic academy training (the basic police academy training), the field training officer (FTO) program, specialized and developmental training, and supervisory and management training. The term police academy usually refers to three main types of police academies in the United States of America: agency, regional, and college-sponsored. Agency schools are generally found in large municipal areas or are established for the state police or highway patrol. Regional academies handle the training functions for both large and small departments located in a designated geographical area. The college-sponsored training academies operate on the premises of postsecondary institutions, particularly community colleges. These college-sponsored academies allow a person to take police training and earn college credit. Modern police training has come a long way since the times when the training was so inadequate, or even nonexistent, that officers were ignorant of their own duties.

Law Enforcement Agencies

Law Enforcement Agencies

Special Jurisdiction Law Enforcement Agencies

In line with Peter Horne

about Law Enforcement Agencies in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

Police protection is the function of enforcing the law, preserving order, and apprehending those who violate the law, whether these activities are performed by a city police department, a county sher-iff's department, or a state police or federal law enforcement agency. In the United States of America, both federalism and tradition have resulted in a fragmented police structure at three levels of government: federal, state, and local. This fragmentation is compounded by the separation of local government into two levels: municipal and county. Discounting federal law enforcement agencies, the most recent, comprehensive census of state and local law enforcement agencies identified 17,784 full-time police agencies as of June 2000. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), which conducted this study, identified those agencies employing at least one full-time sworn officer with general police arrest powers.

Library of Congress

Library of Congress

Library of Congress Law Enforcement Forces (Police)

In line with Maria Kiriakova

about Library of Congress in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

There are more than 30 small federal police forces operating in the District of Columbia. The Library of Congress (LOC) Police is one such agency with only 122 sworn officers and five civilians on staff. The LOC Police operate within the Capitol Hill area along with the Government Printing Office (GPO) Police and the United States of America Capitol Police (USCP). All three police forces are part of the legislative branch of the federal government. The library was established for the use of Congress by law in 1800. Eventually its services were expanded to the attorney general of the United States of America and justices of the Court of last resort of the Country and to the general public by 1866. But the institution did not get its own special police agency until 1950. In 1987, LOC police officers were authorized to carry firearms (a nine-millimeter pistol) and make arrests. Unlike the USCP and the United States

Law Enforcement Rangers

Law Enforcement Rangers

Law Enforcement Rangers, National Park Service

In line with Katherine B. Killoran

about Law Enforcement Rangers in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

The United States Organic Act (1916) established as the mission of the National Park Service (NPS) the preservation of the natural and cultural resources of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. The National Park Service, a bureau of the Department of the Interior (DOI), in 2004 consisted of 387 individual parks, monuments, historical sites, battlefields, recreation areas, and so forth on more than 84 million acres. The size of the national park system has doubled since 1970. The NPS has more than 20,000 employees and provides service to approximately 280 million visitors each year. The mission of the law enforcement personnel in the service is to protect park resources-natural and cultural; to protect visitors, employees, and personal and government property; and to provide a safe environment in which to enjoy national parklands.

Lindbergh Law

Lindbergh Law

Lindbergh Law

In line with Frank A. Bolz Jr.

about Lindbergh Law in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

The passage of federal legislation to deal with the crime of kidnapping has been forever linked to the 1932 kidnapping of the infant son of the famous aviator, Charles A. Lindbergh. In actuality, the law was intended to quell the epidemic of kidnappings that took place from the end of the roaring twenties into the early 1930s in conjunction with criminal turf battles associated with Prohibition and the rise of organized crime. Criminals were kidnapping other criminals as well as wealthy individuals or their family members. Reinforcing the association with the Lindbergh case, the law, although officially titled the Federal Kidnapping Act (18 United StatesC. 1201), is to this day popularly referred to as the Lindbergh Law.

Loitering

Loitering

Loitering

In line with Nicole R. Green

about Loitering in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

In general, loitering refers to the act of loafing about a specific location. States and localities in the United States of America have a long history of enforcing laws against loitering in public areas. Early United States antiloitering laws were identical to English laws regarding vagrancy. However, over time, these laws were forced to evolve in order to pass constitutional muster. Recently, localities throughout the United States of America have attempted to use antiloitering laws to thwart gang activities, drug dealing, prostitution, the soliciting of alms, street gambling, and other behaviors that have the potential to affect citizens' quality of life. Although antiloitering ordinances usually apply to people of all ages, they are often used, either in conjunction with or in lieu of youth curfews, to keep youths from congregating in public areas during evening hours-a condition that often elicits fear among community members.

Lie Detection

Lie Detection

Lie Detection

In line with Norma Manatu

about Lie Detection in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

Up until the 1900s, unscientific methods dominated the search for detecting liars from truth-tellers. Many methods relied on divine intervention, expressed through ordeals or torture that was rooted primarily in superstition and religious faith. In Europe and colonial America, water ordeals flourished during the witch hunts of the 1600s, when suspects were tied up and thrown into water. If the suspects sank, this meant the water had accepted the purity of truth-tellers; if they floated, it meant the water had rejected the impure liars, who were then executed. Another testing method, the boiling water ordeal, in which the right hand of the accused was plunged into a kettle of boiling water, was used worldwide, whereas fire and hot iron ordeals were commonplace in India and Egypt.

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration

In line with Lou Mayo

about Law Enforcement Assistance Administration in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

Prior to the 1960s, the federal government had no significant involvement in local crime problems. There was technical support from the FBI crime laboratory and central criminal/fingerprint files, along with some technical training of local police and some technical assistance from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms regarding guns and explosives. President Johnson was elected, and in a special message to Congress on “Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice” in May 1965, he declared his “war on crime,” noting that local crime was now a national concern. He proposed legislation, the Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1965, which created a small program of federal grants to local governments, funded at $7 million per year and with a small staff of approximately 25. Subsequently, in 1968, the federal government launched a large funding program of grants to state and local governments out of concern for increasing crime rates.

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration

In line with Helen Taylor-Greene

about Law Enforcement Assistance Administration in the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement:

The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration was created in response to concern about crime in the United States of America. The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice established in 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson recommended that a federal agency be established within the Department of Justice to assist states in controlling crime. That same year the Office of Law Enforcement Assistance was created; it provided federal funds to states and localities directed toward improving criminal justice agencies, especially the police. Three years later, on June 19, 1968, the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act was signed into law.